PARTAB is a standard SAP Structure so does not store data like a database table does. It can be used to define the fields of other actual tables or to process "Help Structure for Partner Processing" Information within sap ABAP programs. This is done by declaring abap internal tables, work areas or database tables based on this Structure. These can then be used to store and process the required data appropriately. i.e. DATA: wa_PARTAB TYPE PARTAB.
The PARTAB table consists of various fields, each holding specific information or linking keys about Help Structure for Partner Processing data available in SAP. These include PARVW (Partner Function), KUNNR (Customer Numbers), LIFNR (Account Number of Vendor or Creditor), PERNR (Personnel Number)... See below for full list along with technical details, documentation, text table, check tables, foreign key relationships, conversion routines, relevant tcodes and example ABAP select code etc. .