E2NUM is a standard SAP Structure so does not store data like a database table does. It can be used to define the fields of other actual tables or to process "Basic data of numeric characteristic" Information within sap ABAP programs. This is done by declaring abap internal tables, work areas or database tables based on this Structure. These can then be used to store and process the required data appropriately. i.e. DATA: wa_E2NUM TYPE E2NUM.
The E2NUM table consists of various fields, each holding specific information or linking keys about Basic data of numeric characteristic data available in SAP. These include CHARID (Internal counter for objects in an SCE knowledge base), UNIT (3-Byte field), LENGTH (Number of characters of characteristic value), SCALE (Number of decimal places of numeric characteristic value)... See below for full list along with technical details, documentation, text table, check tables, foreign key relationships, conversion routines, relevant tcodes and example ABAP select code etc. .